Yellowhead Wrasse

The Yellowhead Wrasse is a strikingly colorful reef fish found throughout the Caribbean and tropical Atlantic. Recognized by its bright yellow head and vivid body patterns, this species is active, intelligent, and an important cleaner fish on reefs. It is often seen darting among corals and rocks, helping control small invertebrate populations.

Coloration:

• Juveniles are yellow below and dark blue above, with a black spot on the dorsal fin.

• Females keep a blue back and yellow underside with faint stripes.

• Males develop intense blue, green, and orange colors with a distinct bright yellow head.

• Color and pattern change as they mature, making them visually dynamic.

Typical Size and Abundance:

• Average size: 5–6 inches (12–15 cm)

• Maximum size: about 7 inches (18 cm)

• Abundance: Common on shallow coral reefs, rocky areas, and sandy bottoms across the Caribbean and tropical Atlantic.

Behavior and Aggressiveness:

• Generally peaceful and social; active during the day.

• May show mild territorial behavior toward smaller wrasses or new tankmates.

• Sleeps buried in sand at night for safety.

Reproduction and Sexuality:

• Sequential hermaphrodite — all start as females and later become males.

• Sexual reproduction; males and females pair temporarily during breeding.

Toxicity:

• Non-venomous and harmless to humans.

Care Difficulty:

• Moderate. Adapts well to aquariums with sandy substrate, stable water conditions, and live rock for exploration. Needs a covered tank (it may jump). Eats small invertebrates and frozen marine foods.

Fun Facts:

1. The Yellowhead Wrasse changes both color and sex as it ages.

2. Juveniles often act as “cleaner fish,” removing parasites from larger species.

3. It buries itself in sand at night to hide from predators.

4. Highly active during the day and constantly foraging.

5. Its vivid yellow head makes it one of the most recognizable wrasses on Caribbean reefs.